Composition and structure of the bryophyte community of Park Savanna in Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil.

Aiming to enrich the knowledge about the flora of savannas, this paper studied the composition and structure of the bryophyte community of Park Savanna areas in Marajó Island - PA. Biological material was collected within 60 100-m2 plots equally distributed in the dry season of 2016 and the rainy season of 2017 in five Park Savanna areas (SP-I to SP-V). The composition, density, richness and diversity of species and presence of indicator species were compared between the sampled areas and seasons. The species were classified according to the substrates colonized and ecological groups of light tolerance. Significant differences in SP-V indicated that the area was the main factor influencing the composition of bryophytes (p: 0.0001), with five indicator species. There were also significant differences in density (p = 0.0001168) and richness (p = 0.0001317) of bryophytes between seasons (p-value = 0.3393; p-value = 0.04065; p: 0.1081). There was a predominance of generalist (25 spp.) and corticolous (728 individuals) species, which were widely distributed in the sampled areas. Therefore, the structure of the bryophyte communities was not influenced by seasonality, and this indicates that these plants are adapted to the environmental conditions.

Volatile concentrate from the neotropical moss Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, existing in the brazilian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: Many natural compounds have been identified and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation-extraction micro-system, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and reported for the first time. RESULTS: Ten compounds were identified in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1-octen-3-ol (35.7%), α-muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n-hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identified in other mosses, and liverworts spread wide in the world. CONCLUSIONS: 1-Octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan-3-one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species' chemotaxonomy.

Bryophyte communities across the ecological succession process in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil.

Bryophytes play an important role in the process of ecological succession: conditioning the environment favourably for the emergence of subsequent groups. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of bryophyte communities in a cronossequence in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil. To this end, biological material was collected in forest remnants with different successional stages based on regeneration age: Stage I (0 - 10 years), Stage II (10 - 25), Stage III (> 25) and Stage IV (primary forests). Density, richness and composition of species were compared between successional stages and the occurrence of possible indicator-species was investigated. The identified taxa were also classified by guilds of tolerance to solar radiation and colonized substrate. Composition of species was the variable that most contributed to understanding the distribution of bryophyte communities throughout successional stages, with eight species identified as potential indicators of some successional stages. Generalist species predominated in all stages. The richness of sun tolerants, in turn, decreased with the progress of succession, while shade tolerants increased. The land use history and land cover can influence the availability and quality of substrates and consequently their colonization by bryophytes in the different stages.

Etnobotánica de plantas medicinales en la comunidad de Caruarú, Isla del Mosqueiro, Belém-PA, Brasil / Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the community of Caruaru, Mosqueiro Island, Belém-PA, Brazil

La investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar etno-botánicamente las plantas medicinales de la comunidad de Caruarú, Isla de Mosqueiro-PA, y buscar sus aplicaciones fitoquímicas y farmacológicas. Fueron usadas entrevistas del tipo semi-estructurada, índices de diversidad Shannon-Wiener y Equidad; y técnicas de Valor de Consenso de Uso, Importancia Relativa y Factor de Consenso del Informante. Fabaceae fue la familia más representativa. La Diversidad y Equidad fueron de 1.61 y 0.95, respectivamente. El mayor consenso de uso fue para Anacardium occidentale, Cinnamomum verum, Eleutherine bulbousa y Caamembeca spectabilis. Recibieron mayor importancia relativa A. occidentale L. y C. spectabilis. El mayor factor de consenso del informante fue para el sistema genitourinario. La hoja y el té fueron los más usados. Los preparados de las plantas y sus aplicaciones configuran importantes datos para análisis futuras.

The research aimed to study the ethnobotanical evaluation of some medicinal plants of the community of Caruarú, Isla de Mosqueiro-PA, and to search their phytochemical and pharmacological applications. Semi-structured interviews, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and equity, consensus value techniques, relative Importance, and informant consensus factor were evaluated. Fabaceae was the most representative family. Diversity and equity were 1.61 and 0.95, respectively. Anacardium occidentale, Cinnamomum verum, Eleutherine bulbousa, and Caamembeca spectabilis received the greatest consensus use. The greatest relative importance was for A. occidentale L. and C. spectabilis. The greatest informant consensus factor was for the genitourinary system. The leaf and the tea were the most used. The preparations of the plants and their applications configure essential data for future analysis.

Química e etnofarmacologia de plantas místicas em uma comunidade amazônica / Chemical and ethnopharmacology mystical plants in an Amazonian community

A relação homem-planta é cientificamente denominada de etnobotânica, na qual pesquisas que abordam as práticas medicinais envolvem, principalmente, a botânica, a química e a farmacologia. Assim, realizouse um levantamento de plantas místicas utilizadas na Comunidade Caruaru (Ilha de Mosqueiro, Belém ­ PA) e a relação das espécies mais citadas com propriedades químicas e farmacológicas. Na comunidade foi aplicada a amostragem não probabilística e a técnica bola de neve. Os dados obtidos se deram por questionários semi-estruturados e entrevistas dialogadas. A coleta do material botânico foi através de turnê guiada, capturando imagens e/ou coletando-os para identificações. Na análise de dados verificou-se o perfil dos entrevistados, o conhecimento botânico e a ocorrência de estudos químico-farmacológicos consultando bases científicas. Foram mencionadas pelos informantes 50 espécies, sendo identificadas 32, distribuídas em 32 famílias, destacando-se Lamiaceae, Araceae e Rutaceae. As espécies Ruta graveolens L.; Aellanthus suaveolens Mart. Ex Spreng.; Mansoa alliaceae (Lam.) A. H. Gentry; Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl.) R. M. King. & H. Rob.; Ocimum basilicum L.; Pogostemon heyneanus Benth.; Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. Renealmia monosperma Miq e Vindicá, (em identificação), foram as mais citadas (três a cinco citações) com seis indicações de uso. Para estas plantas há investigações de cunho químico/biológico, informações que podem respaldar futuros estudos para verificações sobre a eficácia destes vegetais.(AU)

The relationship man-plant is scientifically called ethnobotany, in which these researches tell about the medical practices involving, mainly, the botany, the chemistry and the pharmacology. So, a survey was realized to mystical plants used in the Caruaru community (Mosqueiro Island, Belém-PA) and the relationship of species more cited with chemical and pharmacological properties. In the community was applied the non-probability sampling and the snowball technique. The information was gotten by semistructure questionnaire with a dialogued interview. The collect of botanical material was through guided tour which captured images and/or collected it to identification. In the analysis was noticed the profile of respondents, the botanical knowledge and the occurrence of chemical/pharmacological studies checking scientific bases. It were 50 species reported, between them, 31 were identify and distributed in 32 families, as the main: Lamiaceae, Araceae e Rutaceae. The species Ruta graveolens L.; Aellanthus suaveolens Mart Ex. Spreng.; Mansoa alliaceae (Lam.) A. H. Gentry; Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl.) R. M. King. & H. Rob.; Ocimum basilicum L.; Pogostemon heyneanus Benth.; Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth., Renealmia monosperma e Vindicá (in identification), they were the most cited (three to five quotation), six use indication. To these plants were noticed investigation of nature chemical/biological and pharmacological, information which may support future studies to verification about the effectiveness of these vegetables.(AU)